Resistance to Disease and Pest: Farming the organic way enables farmers to get rid of irksome weeds without the use of any mechanical and chemical applications. The absence of chemicals in organic farming does not kill microbes which increase nourishment of the soil. Even damaged soil, subject to erosion and salinity, are able to feed on micro-nutrients via crop rotation, inter-cropping techniques and the extensive use of green manure. To add to this the increased demand for organic produce makes organic farming a profitable option for farmers.Įnhances Soil Nourishment: Organic farming effectively addresses soil management.
Lower Growing Cost: The economics of organic farming is characterized by increasing profits via reduced water use, lower expenditure on fertilizer and energy, and increased retention of topsoil. It is useful over fertilizers and pesticides by following : Organic Farming Organic farming is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides etc and with a maximum input of organic manures, recycled farm-wastes, use of bio-agents such as culture of blue green algae in preparation of biofertilizers, neem leaves or turmeric specifically in grain storage as bio-pesticides, with healthy cropping systems
Turning off ACARS is no easy feat, requiring a person with technical knowledge to climb down through a trapdoor into the plane's hull to remove circuit breakers. The final message from the ACARS onboard the Malaysian plane came at 01:07 and investigators believe the system was then deliberately shut down. In the Air France case, ACARS highlighted faulty speed readings, which caused the air crew to become disorientated. This provides ground crews with vital diagnostic information, allowing maintenance to be carried out more quickly. Messages are transmitted either by radio or digital signals via satellites, and can cover anything from the status of the plane's engines to a faulty toilet. When Air France flight 447 crashed into the mid Atlantic in 2009, its onboard data system - Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) - gave investigators an early insight into what had gone wrong.ĪCARS is a service that allows computers aboard the plane to "talk" to computers on the ground, relaying in-flight information about the health of its systems. Over the next decade, a new system called ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) is expected to replace radar as the primary surveillance method for air traffic controlĪDS-B will see aircraft work out their position using GPS and then relay data to the ground and other planes.īut, as with existing secondary radar, ADS-B coverage does not extend over the oceans. The satellite data which suggests flight MH370 flew on for several hours are basic 'pings' sent by the plane, and so far only help to identify two very approximate flight corridors north and south. Some of the most modern aircraft are able to "uplink" GPS data to satellite tracking services, but handling large volumes of flight data is expensive and such systems are usually only used in remote areas with no radar coverage. Yes, but while GPS (Global Positioning System) is a staple of modern life, the world's air traffic control network is still almost entirely radar-based.Īircraft use GPS to show pilots their position on a map, but this data is not usually shared with air traffic control. However, once an aircraft is more than 240km (150 miles) out to sea, radar coverage fades and air crew keep in touch with air traffic control and other aircraft using high-frequency radio. This flight data is then relayed to air traffic controllers.
The code gives the plane's identity and radar stations go on to establish speed and direction by monitoring successive transmissions. Secondary radar, which relies on targets being equipped with a transponder, also requests additional information from the aircraft - such as its identity and altitude.Īll commercial aircraft are equipped with transponders (an abbreviation of "transmitter responder"), which automatically transmit a unique four-digit code when they receive a radio signal sent by radar.
It does this whether or not the subject wants to be tracked. Primary radar -based on the earliest form of radar developed in the 1930s, detects and measures the approximate position of aircraft using reflected radio signals. Air traffic control - standard international practice is to monitor airspace using two radar systems: primary and secondary.